What is the first level of biocidal activity according to the EPA?

The first level of biocidal activity according to the EPA is classified as a sanitizer. Sanitizers are substances that are capable of reducing the number of microorganisms to levels considered safe according to public health standards. They do not necessarily kill all pathogens, but they significantly lower their presence, making environments safer for use. This level of activity is especially significant in contexts such as food service, where maintaining hygienic conditions is crucial.

In contrast, disinfectants are designed to kill a higher percentage of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, but this level of biocidal activity is above that of sanitizers. Sterilizers, on the other hand, achieve complete destruction of all forms of microbial life, including spores, and represent the highest level of biocidal activity. Cleaners are generally substances used for removing dirt and impurities and do not inherently possess biocidal properties. Therefore, the definition and role of sanitizers as the foundational level of germ reduction are essential to understanding the overall hierarchy of biocidal activity.