What is defined as the process where a solid changes directly to a vapor without becoming liquid?

The correct answer is sublimation, which is the process where a solid changes directly into a vapor without passing through the liquid phase. This phenomenon can be observed in substances such as dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) that transition to gas at certain temperatures and pressures without ever becoming liquid.

Sublimation is a key concept in understanding phase changes in materials, particularly in scenarios involving drying or moisture removal, such as in the context of water restoration. For example, during the drying of materials after water damage, understanding sublimation can help in effectively reducing moisture levels without the intermediate liquid phase, improving the efficiency of restoration efforts.

The other choices represent different processes:

• Condensation refers to the transformation of vapor into liquid, which is the opposite of sublimation.

• Evaporation is the process where a liquid changes into vapor, which again is a different phase change that involves a liquid state.

• Boiling is a specific kind of evaporation that occurs throughout the liquid when it reaches its boiling point, involving a change from liquid to vapor, rather than a direct transition from solid to vapor.

Understanding sublimation and its relevance in various applications, including restoration practices, can greatly enhance the effectiveness of the techniques employed in managing moisture and preventing damage from water intrusion.